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POLICY FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM:
WORKING TOGETHER TO REDEFINE
CANADA’S DRUG STRATEGY
REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE
ON NON-MEDICAL USE OF DRUGS
Paddy Torsney, M.P.
Chair
December 2002
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAIR’S FOREWORD
GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS
CHAPTER 1: MANDATE OF THE COMMITTEE
CHAPTER 2: USE AND HARMFUL USE OF SUBSTANCES, AND
DEPENDENCE IN CANADA
1. WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE PREVALENCE OF USE AND
HARMFUL USE OF SUBSTANCES, AND DEPENDENCE?
2. ILLICIT SUBSTANCES
(a) Cocaine
(b) Heroin and other opioid analgesics
(c) Amphetamine-type stimulants
(d) Ecstasy
(e) Hallucinogens
(f) Cannabis
3. COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS — USE AND HARMFUL USE OF
SUBSTANCES
CHAPTER 3: CANADA’S DRUG STRATEGY
1. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF CANADA’S DRUG STRATEGY
(a) Phase I: 1987-1992
(b) Phase II: 1992-1997
(c) Phase III: 1997-2002
2. NATIONAL DRUG STRATEGY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND SHORTCOMINGS
OF PHASE I (1987-1992)
3. CANADA’S DRUG STRATEGY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND SHORTCOMINGS
OF PHASE II (1992-1997)
4. CANADA’S DRUG STRATEGY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND SHORTCOMINGS
OF PHASE III (1997-2002)
5. WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
6. OVERSEEING CANADA’S DRUG STRATEGY
7. COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS — CANADA’S DRUG STRATEGY
CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE
1. NATIONAL SURVEYS
2. RESEARCH ON THE USE AND HARMFUL USE OF SUBSTANCES
AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
(a) Coordinated Efforts at the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse
(i) National Clearinghouse on Substance Abuse
(ii) The Virtual Clearinghouse on Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other
Drugs (VCATOD)
(iii) Canadian Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use
(CCENDU)
(iv) Health, Education and Enforcement in Partnership
(v) National Working Group on Addictions Policy
(vi) Canadian Executive Council on Addiction (CECA)
(vii) Conclusion
(b) The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) — Institute of
Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction (INMHA)
(c) Other Federal Initiatives
3. SETTING RESEARCH PRIORITIES AND RESOURCES
4. COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS — RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE
CHAPTER 5: THE USE AND HARMFUL USE OF SUBSTANCES:
PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES
1. PREVENTION AND EDUCATION
1.1 COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS — PREVENTION AND EDUCATION
2. TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION
(a) Delivery of Services: The Federal Government’s Role
(b) Shortcomings in the Delivery of Treatment and Rehabilitation
Services in Canada
(i) Availability of Treatment
(ii) Challenges in the Delivery of Treatment and Rehabilitation
(iii) Treating Opiate Addiction
(a) Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT)
(b) Heroin Maintenance Treatment
2.1 COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS — TREATMENT AND
REHABILITATION
3. HARM REDUCTION
(a) Issues Related to the Definition of Harm Reduction
(b) Reducing the Harm Associated with Injection Drug Use
(c) Harm Reduction Measures
(i) Needle Exchange Program (NEPs)
(ii) Safe Injection Facilities
(d) Program Evaluation
3.1 COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS — HARM REDUCTION
4. MISUSE OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
4.1 COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS – MISUSE OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
CHAPTER 6: SUBSTANCE USE AND PUBLIC SAFETY
1. THE CONTROLLED DRUGS AND SUBSTANCES ACT
(a) Criminal Offences and Penalties
(b) Regulatory Compliance
2. ALTERNATIVES TO PROSECUTION AND/OR INCARCERATION
(a) Drug Treatment Courts
(b) Mandated Treatment
2.1 COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS — ALTERNATIVES TO PROSECUTION
AND/OR INCARCERATION
3. CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
(a) Security of Institutions
(b) Health of Offenders
3.1 COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS — CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
4. BORDER CONTROL
4.1 COMMITTEE OBSERVATION — BORDER CONTROL
5. ORGANIZED CRIME
5.1 COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS — ORGANIZED CRIME
CHAPTER 7: INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND LEGISLATIVE REFORM
1. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
(a) The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961)
(b) The Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971)
(c) The Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances (1988)
2. CANADIAN DOMESTIC LAW
CHAPTER 8: DRUG POLICIES ABROAD
1. THE UNITED STATES
2. SWITZERLAND
3. GERMANY
4. THE NETHERLANDS
CHAPTER 9: CANNABIS
1. MANDATE OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON NON-MEDICAL USE OF DRUGS
2. LEGISLATIVE OPTIONS
3. COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS — CANNABIS
APPENDIX A — LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS
APPENDIX B — TERMS OF REFERENCE
APPENDIX C — LIST OF WITNESSES
APPENDIX D — LIST OF BRIEFS
REQUEST FOR GOVERNMENT RESPONSE
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT — CANADIAN ALLIANCE
SUPPLEMENTARY OPINION — BLOC QUÉBÉCOIS
SUPPLEMENTARY OPINION — NEW DEMOCRATIC PARTY
MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS
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