The Epidemiology of Opiate Addiction in the United States
Compiled and Edited by
JOHN C. BALL, Ph.D. CARL D. CHAMBERS, Ph.D.
Professor, Department o f Psychiatry Research Director
Temple University Health State of New York Narcotic
Sciences Center Addiction Control Commission
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania New York, New York
With a Preface by
Griffith Edwards,
D.M.
Addiction Research Unit
Institute of Psychiatry
London, England
This volume is dedicated to two outstanding physicians,
Michael J. Pescor and Harris Isbell
PART I HISTORY AND PRESENT EPIDEMIOLOGY
Chapter
1
Overview of the Problem
JOAN C. BALL AND CARL D. CHAMBERS
Chapter
2
History of Legal and Medical Roles
in Narcotic Abuse in the U.S.
EARLE V. SIMRELL
Chapter
3
The Extent of Chronic Opiate Use in the
United States Prior to 1921
CHARLES E. TERRY AND MILDRED PELLENS
Chapter
4
The Incidence and Prevalence of Opiate
Addiction in the United States
JOHN C. BALL, DAVID M. ENGLANDER, AND CARL D. CHAMBERS
PART II PATTERNS OF DRUG USE IN THE UNITED STATES
Chapter
5
Two Patterns of Opiate Addiction
JOHN C. BALL
Chapter
6
Nativity, Parentage, and Mobility of
Opiate Addicts
JOAN C. BALL AND WILLIAM M. BATES
Chapter
7
The Association of Marihuana Smoking
With Opiate Addiction
JOHN G BALL, CARL D. CHAMBERS, AND MARION J. BALL
Chapter
8
The Evolution of Concurrent Opiate and
Sedative Addictions
CARL D. CHAMBERS AND MARY MOLDESTAD
Chapter
9
Diffusion of the Intravenous Technique Among Narcotic Addicts
JOHN
O'DONNELL AND JUDITH JONES
PART III OPIATE USE IN SELECTED POPULATIONS
Chapter 10
Onset of Marihuana and Heroin Use
Among Puerto Rican Addicts
JOHN BALL
Chapter 11
Negro Opiate Addiction
CARL CHAMBERS and ARTHUR MOFFETT
Chapter 12
Mexican-American Opiate
Addicts
CARL CHAMBERS, WALTER CUSKEY and ARTHUR MOFFETT
Chapter 13
The Female Opiate
Addict
CARL CHAMBERS, KENT HINESLEY and MARY MOLDESTAD
Chapter 14
The Chinese Opiate Addict
in the United States
JOHN BALL and P.M. LAU
PART IV MEDICAL ASPECTS OF OPIATE ADDICTION
Chapter 15
CAUSES OF DEATH AMONG INSTITUTIONALIZED NARCOTIC ADDICTS
Joseph D. Sapira, John C. Ball, and Harry Penn
Chapter 16
DEATH DUE
TO WITHDRAWAL FROM NARCOTICS
Frederick B. Glaser and John C. Ball
Chapter 17
SUICIDE AMONG HOSPITALIZED OPIATE ADDICTS
Carl D. Chambers and John C. Ball
Chapter 18
ABSENCE OF MAJOR MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS AMONG CHRONIC OPIATE ADDICTS
John C. Ball and John Chapman Urbaitis
Chapter 19
CONCLUSION
John C. Ball and Carl D. Chambers
|
JOHN C. BALL, Ph.D. Department of Psychiatry Temple University Health Sciences Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
MARION J. BALL, M.A. Medical Computer Center Temple University Health Sciences Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
WILLIAM M. BATES, Ph.D. Department of Sociology Loyola University Chicago, Illinois |
CARL D.
CHAMBERS, Ph.D. Narcotic Addiction Control Commission State o f New York New York, New York |
|
WALTER R. CUSKEY, Ph.D. Department of Community Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
DAVID M. ENGLANDER, B.S. School o f Medicine Temple University Health Sciences Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
FREDERICK B. GLASER, M.D. Department of Psychiatry Temple University Health Sciences Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
R. KENT HINESLEY, M.D. Department of Psychiatry Aft. Zion Hospital San Francisco, California |
|
JUDITH P. JONES, B.A. Office o f Research and Planning Metropolitan Social Services Department Louisville, Kentucky |
M. P. LAU, M.D. University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia |
ARTHUR D. MOFFETT, M.S.W. |
MARY MOLDESTAD, B.A. Clinical Research Center National Institute of Mental Health Lexington, Kentucky |
|
JOHN A. O'DONNELL, Ph.D. |
MILDRED PELLENS Deceased. |
HARRY PENN, M.D. |
JOSEPH D. SAPIRA, M.D. |
|
EARLE Y. SIMRELL, J.D. |
CHARLES E. TERRY, M.D. Deceased. |
JOHN CHAPMAN URBAITIS, M.D. The Phipps Clinic The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland |
THE National Institute of Mental Health generously supported most of the research reported in this volume. While within this organization, we had the intellectual freedom to study problems of drug use in American society as we saw fit as well as the nesessary resources to carry forward our plans.
Many of the authors were not only contributors to this work but friends and colleagues as well. We wish to thank them for their encouragement to continue our epidemiological studies.
We are indebted to Drs. Ernst Jokl, James F. Maddux, Daniel Glaser, Gerald Klee, and Harriet Aronson as well as judge Irving Lang for helpful comments concerning various portions of the manuscript. Dr. Vincent P. Dole was kind enough to provide us with comparative data pertaining to New York City addicts which were incorporated in Chapter 1.
The figures in Chapters 1, 7 and 19 were drawn by Robert T. Clough. Stanton W. Saltzman provided advice concerning these and other illustrations.
Bonnie Edington and Joan Bakove labored diligently and cheerfully in the preparation of the final manuscript.
The entire book would not have been possible without the
steadfast encouragement of R. Bruce Sloan.
JOHN C. BALL
CARL.
D.
CHAMBERS